Personal Definition Of Leadership Styles - 1695 Words

1. Leadership is literally defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, as â€Å"the power or ability to lead other people.† While that definition is accurate, it does not define what makes a good leader and/or leadership style due to the fact that successful leadership, in my opinion, is subjective. My personal definition of leadership is â€Å"a person’s ability to accurately assess their team members’ needs and adapt their direction style in order to effectively influence them to enthusiastically accomplish a task or goal.† 2 Through out my career I have had the fortunate opportunity to be led by numerous types of leadership styles. I purposely chose the word fortunate because while some of those supervisors/superiors at the time was almost unbearable to work for or with, it was those experiences that taught me what I should not incorporate into my leadership style. I think it is important to remember that there is a fine line between supervisor/superior and leader. The following three people have changed my view of what it means to be a successful leader. The order they are in is on purpose as my exposure to their style helped me develop and influence how I interacted with the next person listed. A) Berlin Gabretti, CWO2, my husband and leadership mentor - When I first met Berlin I was a junior petty officer reservist that was serving on an extended active duty contract. I had been on active duty for two years already and my previous supervisor had a tendency for a highShow MoreRelatedLeadership Theories And Leadership Styles1512 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide examples surrounding various leadership theories and leadership styles that sustain the definition of a public leader. First, this paper will provide a definition of a public leader. Next, it determine two leadership theories and two leadership styles that support the definition of a public leader. Also, this paper will assess the effectiveness of the two leadership theories. Subsequently, it will assess the effectiveness of the two leadership styles. Further, this paper will utilize properRead MorePatient And Family Centered Care Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagescentered care among the health care team are collabor ation and leadership. Each member of the health care profession plays an equal role in providing patient and family centered care to patients during their hospitalization or visit to a health care setting. This paper will seek to further identify the meaning of patient and family centered care, examine the views of a respiratory therapist on the issue, and identify different leadership techniques that allow for appropriate collaboration among theRead MoreLeadership Styles And Philosophies Of Leadership Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and You Leaders play a crucial role in the society and organizations, especially with regards to helping the organization achieve its objectives and purposes. These individuals use varying approaches to leadership that inform their practices in motivating organizational members towards the accomplishment of common objectives. Through their practices, leaders not only influence the behaviors of their followers or subordinates but also help in shaping organizational culture. The useRead MoreEntrepreneurial Leadership1102 Words   |  5 PagesEntrepreneurial Leadership Abstract Entrepreneurial leadership helps develop and sustain elements of the organizational culture. Bergstrom (2004) interpreted that entrepreneurial leadership has three dimensions: 1) take more risk; 2) favor change to obtain the advantage; and 3) compete aggressively. We will discuss the common elements of different theories and philosophies as it relates to the new definition of entrepreneurial leadership. I will discuss my leadership style that I aspire toRead MoreWhat Does Leadership Coaching Mean? Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe above quote speaks volumes about a popular method in the business world: Leadership Coaching. In the US, corporations spent nearly $14 billion on coaching and the practice is widely used across the globe. So, what does leadership coaching mean? In this guide, we’ll explore the essence of leadership coaching, what is looks like in practice and the benefits it can have to individuals, but also organisations. Furthermore, we’ll also examine how the process can boost your career development and whetherRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Servant Leadership1730 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy of Servant Leadership Servant leadership is a theory based on the notion that one should be a servant to others first, and a leader second. A person should have the desire to serve others, in order to be a servant-leader. The following paper will address several key components of the servant leadership philosophy related to the book: The Servant: A Simple Story About the True Essence of Leadership, written by James C. Hunter. First, I will examine the theory of servant leadership including itsRead MoreConcept Of An Advancing Leadership Style1660 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of an Advancing Leadership Style. I will identify the characteristics of a leader, and the external and internal environments that would play a part in any leadership style. Additionally, I will demonstrate how this leadership model assists in moving the organization forward in the direction of the mission or goal and assist in defining the organizational culture. Finally, I will show how this model is useful to the leader and follow ers by comparing other leadership models and their effectsRead MoreDifferent Styles Of Leadership And What They Are Leading1396 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different styles of leadership and ways to be a good leader depending on who the leader is and what they are leading. After interviewing Kelly Von Lehmden, a family-friend, I discovered that being a good leader is about much more than having good relationships with people and being encouraging, but also putting others first, having a strong team to help you get the job done, giving credit where credit is due and having patience as you see the vision unfold. Kelly is the mother toRead MoreLeadership Philosophy Of Leadership And Leadership1612 Words   |  7 Pages A Leadership Philosophy is our own definition of our leadership styles. It consists of our beliefs, personal values, and assumptions. â€Å"There is not one right way to lead. Leadership should not be studied as a recipe or a checklist. It is more important to develop a philosophy of leadership to guide your actions (Komives, Lucas, and McMahon, 2013).† We must create our own definition of leadership in order to have an understanding of how to be leaders. Understanding our leadership philosophy enablesRead MoreQualities Traits And Styles Of Leadership1364 Words   |  6 PagesEssay # 2 Qualities, Traits and Styles of Leadership - Research and evaluate a theory of leadership and the role of one or more ethical leaders in creating and maintaining an ethical business organization. Leaders and their chosen styles of leadership are all different. In an early study of identifying the different styles, Kurt Lewin ,who led a group of researchers in 1939, performed the first major study of leadership styles. This early study has remained quite influential as it established

Slavery And The Slave Trade - 1889 Words

For over 2,000 years, slavery has been conducted in various parts of the world. From year 1500 to year 1900, Europeans stole individuals from West Africa, West Central Africa, and Southeast Africa and shipped them to the different parts of the Atlantic. This process dehumanized them of their identity. Europeans stole husbands, wives, merchants, blacksmiths, farmers, and even children. They removed them from their homelands and gave them new names: slaves. European slaveholders never thought to take ownership of their actions by killing humans with brutality and degradation. Slave trade was considered popular in England and soon after more countries began the process of taking slaves to newly claimed territories. These countries include†¦show more content†¦Of that 12.5 million Africans, 1,061,524 were from Spain, 5,848,266 were from Portugal, 3,529,441 were from Great Britain, 554,336 were from the Netherlands, 305,326 were from the United States, 1,381,404 were from France , and 111,040 were from Denmark. Britain began to slave trade largely through private trading companies in the 1640s. The London-based Royal African Company was extremely important to the use of slavery in 1672. The amount of voyages to Africa made between 1695 and 1807 from each of the main European docks that were involved in the slave trade was Liverpool, London, and Bristol. Liverpool contained 5,300, London contained 3,100, and Bristol contained 2,200. Other European ports were held in Amsterdam, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Cadiz, Lisbon, and Nantes containing 450. In the early 1700s, many merchants came from London and Bristol. On the other hand, Liverpool was increasing as well from the 1740s surpassing their opponents. Even though London and Bristol were taking trips back and forth to Africa, Liverpool dominated both of them and continued until abolition in 1807. Liverpool was the most involved ports in slaving during the 18th century. During 1500 to 1900, slavery in the southern part of America was assumed the worst in all of slavery. Slavery in the South was believed to be harsher and wicked than slavery in Latin America. The Catholic Church in South America vowed to give slaves a

Human Resource Management Training and Development

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Managementfor Training and Development. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is an approach that business organisations use to manage their employees and optimise their performance using concepts, such as performance management, compensation and benefits, training and development, career management. The basic idea behind the approach is establish better relations between the employees and the employers and to improve the organisational performance by improving the work conditions for the workforce. Business organisations are facing a lot of problems in the present scenario as the competition between rival firms has reached an international level and it is becoming increasingly difficult to survive in such market conditions. In such a scenario, business organisations cannot merely rely upon their processes or resources to achieve market competencies. They have realized that it is only through their human resources that they can achieve their organisational goals and achieve market competencies. As a result, human resource management has emerged as an important subject and companies are spending millions of dollars every year to ensure efficient management of their human resources (Inc.com, 2016). Human Resource Management is Divided into two Broad Categories: Domestic human resource management also known as DHRM, domestic human resource management is related to the management of human resources at a domestic or national level. Domestic human resource management is carried out by those companies that have their work operations in a single country. Domestic human resource management is less complex than international human resource management (Whatishumanresource.com, 2016). International human resource management international human resource management, also known as IHRM, is the management of human resources at an international or a global level. International human resource management is carried out by those companies that have their business operations running in more than one countries. International human resource management is more complex than domestic human resource management as international human resource management is vulnerable to expatriate programs, compensation and benefits, cultural differences, diversity management, etc. Let us Now Discuss Some Important Characteristics of IHRM: Global scale IHRM is associated with the management of employees at an international or global level. Expatriates in international human resource management, companies have to manage host country employees, home country employees as well as third country nationals, which increases its overall complexity. Cross-cultural management international human resource management requires management of a workforce that originates from diverse cultural backgrounds. There are a lot of cultural differences between the employees which makes the task of human resource management more challenging for the company. Recruitment and selection recruitment and selection are another important characteristic of international human resource management as multinationals companies find it very difficult to recruit and select home country nationals, host country nationals and third country nationals. Such management, recruitment and selection programs make international human resource management more challenging Diversity management . one of the most important characteristics of international HRM is that it involves of management of diversity while trying to manage the workforce. Multinational companies have a workforce that originates from diverse cultures backgrounds. As a result, they have different values, ethics, religion, age, etc. and the company has to manage this diversity in order to manage the workforce. Organisational structures international human resource management is also associate with complex organisational structures, hierarchies, positions, etc. because multinational organisations have to operate in multiple countries, In the present scenario, human resource management of various companies are trying their best to achieve market competencies through their human resources and achieve their missions and goals, which is only possible if a management has a set of powerful strategies that are aligned with the human resource management functions. If the human resource functions and the strategies of an organisations (especially a multinational organisation) are not aligned, it can cause a lot of problems for companies and they might even lose the competition to their competitors. Let us now understand the importance of aligning the human resource functions with organisational strategies in international human resource management: First of all, the only way to achieve organisational goals and objectives is by having a clear set of expectations in the minds of the employees. If they employees would not know about the expectations that the company has from them, they would never be able to produce the desired results. Aligning human resource functions with organisational strategies ensures that the employees have a clarity of organisations mission and vision statements. Secondly, in IHRM or in multinational companies, there can be a huge fluctuation in the demand of human resources. Aligning human resource functions with the organisational strategies ensures that the organisation would be able to satisfy the human resource demands by supplying adequate amount of workforce. It helps business organisations in avoiding situations of excess or lack of human resource, which can ultimately increase the operating costs and decrease the profit margins of the company. Further, it is also important that the workforce of a company works together and produces synergies to achieve greater than what the organisation expects. If the organisation is unable to align its human resource strategies with the organisational strategies, the human resource would not have a clarity of mission and vision statements and would put in more efforts to achieve lesser goals and objectives. International human resource managers also face a great deal of problems when it comes to aligning their human resource functions with their organisational strategies. Let us now discuss these challenges: Recruitment and selection one of the greatest issues in international human resource management is recruitment and selection. In international human resource management, companies have to recruit host country nationals, home country nationals as well as third country nationals. When companies expand their operations overseas, they have to abide by the rules and regulations that the local governments impose on the company. These regulations can be related to employment of host country employees, wage rates, etc. As a result, it becomes difficult for companies to align recruitment and selection with their organisational goals. Compensation and benefits taking a decision about the compensation and benefits of the host country employees, home country employees and third country employees is also a challenging decision for the international human resource managers. Compensation and benefits for the local employees and for the expatriates have to managed in such a way that none of them feels overpaid or underpaid. Further, it is also important for the companies to fix the right benefits and allowances, such as housing allowance, hardship allowance, etc. (Civilserviceindia.com, 2016). Diversity and cross cultural management the greatest challenge to the management of human resources at an international level is the management of diversity and cross cultural issues. In international business assignments, employees working in a subsidiary can be from different countries and from diverse cultural backgrounds. They all have differences in their ethics, communication styles, values, perceptions, beliefs, religious views, etc. which can cause a lot of issues in the workplace. Let us discuss some ways in which companies can deal with the challenges associated with the management of human resources at an international level: Cultural awareness and sensitivity one of the best ways to overcome the challenges posed by the management of human resources at international level is to foster an environment where the employees are more cultural sensitive. Having cultural sensitivity in the workplace allows the employees to have an open mind towards the cultural beliefs and values of the others. It is also important for the management or be culture sensitive because they have to manage the employees as well as deal with the local and foreign client. Therefore, by becoming more cultural sensitive, organisations can ensure a better alignment of their human resource functions with their organisational strategies as they are able to establish better relations with their clients and employees (Heaps, 2012).. Flexibility to deal with most of the others problems, organisations need to adopt a flexible approach that is suitable to the employees as well as to the clients. Adopting a flexible approach in deciding the compensation and benefits of the employees and selection and recruitment can help a company in avoiding the challenges that are associated with the management of human resources at an international level. By keeping a slight margin of error and adopting a flexible approach, business organisations will be able to align their human resource functions with the organisational strategies (Heaps, 2012). In the present scenario, it has become very important for companies to manage their human resources properly, especially in multinational organisations. Human resources are the only resources through and by the help of which the companies can achieve their organisational goals and objectives. Therefore, it is important that the organisations are able to align their human resource with their organisational strategies to ensure maximum productivity. References Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_are_human_resource_strategies_often_not_aligned_with_the_business_strategy [Accessed 25 Sep. 2016]. Dowling, P., Welch, D. and Schuler, R. (1999). International human resource management. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publ. Gast, G. (2016). Aligning HR Strategy with Business Strategy - Proxus HR. [online]Proxus HR. Available at: https://proxushr.com/aligning-hr-strategy-with-business-strategy/ [Accessed 25 Sep. 2016]. Harvey, M. and Buckley, M. (1998). Introduction: International issues in human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 8(1), pp.1-3. Heaps, W. (2012). Seven Characteristics of Highly Effective International HR Professionals. [online] International HR Forum. Available at: https://internationalhrforum.com/2012/08/12/seven-characteristics-of-highly-effective-international-hr-professionals/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2016]. Inc.com. (2016). Human Resource Management. [online] Available at: https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/human-resource-management.html [Accessed 25 Sep. 2016]. Smallbusiness.chron.com. (2016). HR Strategies With Business Strategies. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/hr-strategies-business-strategies-2624.html [Accessed 25 Sep. 2016]. Whatishumanresource.com. (2016). Difference between Global or IHRM and Domestic HRM - what is human resource ?. [online] Available at: https://www.whatishumanresource.com/difference-between-global-or-ihrm-and-domestic-hrm [Accessed 25 Sep. 2016].

The American Tax System And The Flat Tax Solution Essays - Flat Tax

The American Tax System And The Flat Tax Solution The Tax System The current income tax system is in terrible shape. It is complex; unfair; inhibits saving, investment and job creation; imposes a heavy burden on families; and undermines the integrity of the democratic process. The system cannot be repaired by simple tinkering and fine-tuning, it must be completely repealed and replaced. The U.S. income tax code is a monument to unnecessary waste. The income tax system is so complex, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) publishes number 480 tax Forms and 280 Forms to explain the 480 Forms. The IRS sends out eight billion pages of forms and instructions each year which, if laid end to end, would circle the earth 28 times. Nearly 300,000 trees are cut down each year to produce the paper on which IRS forms and instructions are printed. But the administrative costs of the tax system far exceed those borne directly by the IRS. Each year Americans devote 5.4 billion hours complying with the tax code, which is more time than it takes to build every car, tru ck and van produced in the United States. The cost of complying with the tax system totals about $200 billion annually or when broken down: $700 for every man, woman and child in America. The main reason the tax code is so complex is the proliferation of deductions, credits and other special preferences in the tax law. Because of these loopholes, taxpayers with similar incomes can pay vastly different amounts in taxes. This uneven treatment of taxpayers is fundamentally unfair and is at odds with the American value of equality under the law. The American people are beleaguered by the highest tax burden in American history. Taxes represent a larger share of the U.S. economy than ever before. In fact, the typical American family now pays more in taxes than it spends on food, clothing, transportation and shelter combined. The tax burden on families with children has risen dramatically during the last few decades. High taxes have fueled unparalleled growth in government. The U.S. public sector is now larger than the entire economy of any country in the world except Japan and the United States itself. The tax code reduces incomes through punitive taxes on saving, work and entrepreneurship. It places multiple layers of tax on saving, thus reducing investments in new machines and technology that make American workers more efficient and competitive. High marginal tax rates (the tax rate on the last dollar earned) discourage work, saving and entrepreneurial activity, which leads to a smaller economy. By favoring certain economic activities over others, the tax code distorts financial decisions and reduces economic efficiency. According to a study by an economist with the Congressional Research Service, the corporate income tax costs the economy more in lost production than it raises in revenue for the Treasury. Dale Jorgenson, the chairman of the Economics Department at Harvard University, found that each extra dollar the government raises through the current system co sts the economy $1.39. The tax code does more than complicate people's lives during tax season and reduce living standards. It pollutes Washington's political culture. As special-interest provisions have been added to the tax code, Washington's lobbying industry has flourished. Washington's lobbying industry, which is the largest private employer in the nation's capital, generates $8.4 billion in revenue each year. If the lobbying industry were its own economy, it would be larger than the economies of 57 countries. While the thousands of lobbyists in Washington have prospered in an environment of tax favoritism, the typical taxpayer has not. The flat rate income tax bill, numbered H.R. 1040, proposed by Dick Armey (Rep., TX) and Co-sponsored by Bob Barr (Rep., GA) does away with the entire income tax code and replaces it with a flat-rate income tax that treats all Americans the same. This plan would simplify the tax code, promote economic opportunity, and restore fairness and integrity to the tax system. The flat rate would be phased-in over a three-year period, with a 19 percent rate for the first two years and a 17 percent rate for subsequent years. Individuals and businesses would pay the same rate. The plan eliminates all deductions and

The eNotes Blog The Love Lives ofAuthors

The Love Lives ofAuthors Love is dangerous- best to leave it to the experts. Spend your Valentines Day living vicariously through these writers and their passionate love lives. Because lets face it, youd rather be draped in chocolate wrappers than a volatile amour, right? Just me? Lord Byron Image via Mental Floss The 6th Baron Byron was a Romantic with a capital R, but that doesnt mean he was particularly gentlemanly. His first partner in scandal, Lady Caroline Lamb, described him aptly when she professed he was mad, bad, and dangerous to know. Indeed, she was just one of many public conquests that rocked British society, several of which produced children. Only one of these was legitimate, the Honorable Augusta Ada Byron, also known as the  co-creator of the first computer, Ada Lovelace. Others, save for a daughter he had with Mary Shelleys sister, were never proven or recognized by Byron. In essence, he was a cad with a weakness for women, or so we can assume from his poem  Don Juan.  I mean, not even  his own half-sister  was off-limits to him. But still some come to his defense. Poet Katha Pollitt excused Byrons bad boy behavior with an interesting take on his contribution to feminism:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Byron’s great insight, in an era where women were expected to be placid and insipid (not that they were!), was to see that women were much like men: They wanted sex and went after it eagerly, if secretly.† William Butler Yeats Image via The Poetry Foundation Its never too late to find love, or in Yeats case lust. The Irish poet was already in his fifties when he proposed to and married twenty-five year-old Georgie Hyde-Lees. It only took until their honeymoon for him to regret this decision, though they stayed married for the duration of his life and shared two children. Obviously a pragmatic and forgiving woman, Georgie wrote to her husband,  When you are dead, people will talk about your love affairs, but I shall say nothing, for I will remember how proud you were. Well, she was right: were still talking about his love life almost as much as his poetry, mostly because of the Lolita-esque nature of Yeats infidelities. At the age of sixty-nine Yeats underwent the Steinach operation, a procedure created to renew vigor in older men by increasing hormone production. It seemed to do the trick; for the last five years of his life he found poetic inspiration in the arms of numerous young women.  I find my present weakness made worse by the strange second puberty the operation has given me, the ferment that has come upon my imagination. If I write poetry it will be unlike anything I have done. So I guess were thankful for his lasciviousness?   Ick. W. H. Auden Image via Inside the Apple In 1928 Auden was engaged to be married, to a woman. Such was expected of a closeted gay man of that time. So, in 1929 the poet embarked for a sojourn in Berlin, where he could openly gratify his homosexuality. His goal was to essentially binge until he outgrew such desires, but ten months later nothing had changed except his own view of his sexuality. He returned to England, broke off his engagement, and wrote six love poems in German. His journal of that time, discovered in 1990, reveals a poets typical tormented view of love: He noted in his 1929 journal that he liked to suffer and that he regarded suffering as part of his identity as an artist. He also observed in the journal that the torment of his homosexuality was, for him, one of its attractions; he associated mutual love with despair. Most likely, Audens views on Valentines Day and requited love wouldnt gel with your own. However, there is one thought from his diary I petition us all to take to heart: all bureaucrats should be obliged to prove that they have a happy love-life, and immigration officials most of all. H. G. Wells Image via The Victorian Web The writer of the famous  War of the Worlds appeared to also suffer a war with women, at least one woman in particular. Wells was married to his cousin Isabel when he fell in love with one of his students, Amy Catherine Robbins. Yet, this was not his greatest upset. After divorcing Isabel the author married Amy, who agreed to an open marriage. Wells proceeded to carry on affairs with prominent women, some of whom were activists and novelists. He had a daughter out of wedlock with the writer Amber Reeves and then a son with the feminist Rebecca West, who was twenty-six years younger than him, only nineteen at the time. She apparently expected Wells to leave his wife for her, which didnt happen, and their tempestuous love affair ended with an angry letter from West: When you said, â€Å"You’ve been talking unwisely, Rebecca,† you said it with a certain brightness: you felt that you had really caught me at it. I don’t think you’re right about this. But I know you will derive immense satisfaction from thinking of me as an unbalanced young female who flopped about in your drawing-room in an unnecessary heart-attack. Translation: Youre a jerk for making me feel like a crazy person. Basically the old-fashioned version of a break-up text. In his autobiography Wells confessed,  I was never a great amorist, though I have loved several people very deeply. Lets hope it soothed the burn. Want more author-related Valentines Day posts? Check out our most popular articles on the Top Ten Love Letters of Writers  and Top Ten Love Lines from Literature for Your Valentine.

Plutonium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Plutonium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Plutonium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 94 Symbol: Pu Atomic Weight: 244.0642 Discovery: G.T. Seaborg, J.W. Kennedy, E.M. McMillan, A.C. Wohl (1940, United States) Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f6 7s2 Word Origin: Named for the planet Pluto. Isotopes: There are 15 known isotopes of plutonium. The isotope of greatest importance is Pu-239, with a half-life of 24,360 years. Properties: Plutonium has a specific gravity of 19.84 (a modification) at 25 °C, melting point of 641 °C, boiling point of 3232 °C, with a valence of 3, 4, 5, or 6. Six allotropic modifications exist, with various crystalline structures and densities ranging from 16.00 to 19.86 g/cm3. The metal has a silvery appearance which takes a yellow cast when oxidized slightly. Plutonium is a chemically reactive metal. It readily dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, or hydroiodic acid, forming the Pu3 ion. Plutonium exhibits four ionic valence states in ionic solution. The metal has the nuclear property of being readily fissionable with neutrons. A relatively large piece of plutonium gives off enough energy via alpha decay to be warm to the touch. Larger pieces of plutonium give off sufficient heat to boil water. Plutonium is a radiological poison and must be handled with care. It is also important to take precautions to prevent the unintentional formation of cri tical mass. Plutonium is more likely to become critical in liquid solution than as a solid. The shape of the mass is an important factor for criticality. Uses: Plutonium is used as an explosive in nuclear weapons. The complete detonation of a kilogram of plutonium produces an explosion equal to that produced by approximately 20,000 tons of chemical explosive. One kilogram of plutonium is equivalent to 22 million kilowatt hours of heat energy, so plutonium is important for nuclear power. Sources: Plutonium was the second transuranium actinide to be discovered. Pu-238 was produced by Seaborg, McMillan, Kennedy, and Wahl in 1940 by deuteron bombardment of uranium. Plutonium may be found in trace amount in natural uranium ores. This plutonium is formed by irradiation of natural uranium by the neutrons which are present. Plutonium metal can be prepared by reduction of its trifluoride with alkaline earth metals. Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth (Actinide) Plutonium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 19.84 Melting Point (K): 914 Boiling Point (K): 3505 Appearance: silvery-white, radioactive metal Atomic Radius (pm): 151 Ionic Radius: 93 (4e) 108 (3e) Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 2.8 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 343.5 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.28 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 491.9 Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3 Lattice Structure: Monoclinic References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

Macroeconomics. US markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomics. US markets - Essay Example Given all of these statistics and the facts that the USA is the land of opportunity, how is it possible to witness in our lifetime, an economic period rarely ever seen before, both in the US and the world All of this has led the big companies of America and of around the world to counter these crises by increasing the shareholder's value and increasing the investor's drive. This will enable these companies to stop the spiral where no investment and severity of the crises are going to lead the world to bigger problems. By providing incentives to shareholders in terms of shareholder's value and increasing the investor's drive, some money is going to be pumped into the economy that will have the convalescing effect on the injured economy of the world. (Allbusiness, 2010). Shareholder's value is a broad term depicting more than what is being shown in the financial statements of a business. In the earlier years, many people used financial results of a company as a measure of Shareholder's value. However, this approach had plenty of loopholes and due the fact that there was no widely acknowledged definition of shareholder's value. Many people changed the way they used to measure the shareholder's value. ... This crisis continued till 2008, matured and gnawed the world economy. Many arguments were given about how this financial crunch started. Many people argued that it was started by the booming oil prices, whereas other people stated that this crisis is a result of poor economic policies of IMF and World Bank which overheated the global economy and resulted in the financial crunch. Whatever the reason of this crisis, one can almost be sure that this crisis has affected subprime mortgages, declining house prices and caused investor bankruptcy. Although global financial crisis result in more problem than those stated above. How is this related to shareholder's value and investor's drive First of all investors usually invest in a company where they see they can earn reasonable return on their investments. However, due to reckless lending by banks and other financial institutions (DFIs), many potential investors in the banking sector became worried about their returns. They predicted that these lending by the banks are risky and hence they could lose a big deal of money if they invest in the banking sector. Hence, they decided not to invest in this sector. Many organizational psychologists predicted that this is a result of value delivery system which was very low in the banking system at that time. In other words, potentials investors could see more harm if they invest than if they do not. The reasons behind this behavior of the investor's were that they see little or no drive to invest. As a result, there was a shortage of investments in the banking sectors. The banking firms who had lent the money found themselves in the liquidity crises and many of these institutions filed bankruptcy.

Development of Education in Saudi Arabia Term Paper

Development of Education in Saudi Arabia - Term Paper Example Saudi Arabia government is alive to this fact and invests significant investments in its educational program covering elementary, secondary and higher education. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia occupies about 80 percent of the Arabian Peninsula has a total area of 2, 2400,000 km2.ii They note that the population in Saudi Arabia is largely skewed with statistics showing that Saudis aged who are 14 and below account for 40 percent for a country with a total population of 27 million. This means that the country should invest heavily in education and health sector to guarantee proper upbringing for its young generation. Previously, the Arabian Peninsula existed as different parts until 1932 when King Abdulaziz Ibn Saudi was recognized the king of Saudi Arabia has taken over control of Hejaz, Sultan Nejd and the Dependencies in 1926.iii The kingdom did not have a formal educational system until 1369/70 AH (1949/50 AD).iv Prior to the introduction of a formal educational system, traditional ed ucational was followed known as ‘’kuttab’’. In this form of education, the schools were only open to boys although young girls could be allowed to attend kuttabs.v However, girls were to learn from their homes. The education system was established following massive support and lobbying from Prince Fahd Ibn Abdel Aziz who later became a king. The education system in Saudi Arabia is based on religion.vi Saudi Arabia developed its educational policy based on a formula that is relevant to all societies as postulated by Arnold Anderson. Anderson explained that in the provision of education every society has an objective of meeting three basic requirements which include: a capability to offer training to those to utilize such skills; equal opportunity for all members of the society and offer respect an individual’s right to choice in education thereby allowing flexibility.vii This paper will assess the development of education in Saudi Arabia. It will fir st provide an overview of economic development in Saudi Arabia followed by a discussion on the advancement of the various institutions involved with ensuring the provision of quality education such as the ministry of education and advancement in elementary, high school and higher education. Additionally, the paper will seek to discuss the advancement of private and sector education sectors and how women education is perceived in the country as an indicator of equality. Lastly, the paper will bring out the governmental scholarship plans and their benefits to the society. Saudi Arabia has experienced steady and significant economic development parallel to political and societal change.viii The country posted a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 6.8 percent in the last year’s fiscal year. The country has posted impressive GDP ratings given that between 1968 and 2010, Saudi Arabia has had an average quarterly figure of 5.03 percent. Prior to the establishment of the modern Saudi Ara bia kingdom in 1932, the society largely depended on agriculture and trade; exporting dates and trading with pilgrims visiting Makkah and Madinah.ix The country was devoid of any infrastructure necessary to support economic growth. However, things took a dramatic twist in 1938 with discovery exploitable of oil deposits and after the Second World War, oil exports helped the country acquire the necessary resources to implement infrastructural developments building world-class roads, schools, hospitals and seaports.     

Indian Burying Grond Essay Example for Free

Indian Burying Grond Essay The Indian Burying Ground In Freneaus poem The Indian Burying Ground, the reader is presented with the two different views on life after death. One of the perspectives is from the Christian religion. The other is from the perspective of an Indian religion. The Christian religion thinks that just because you are buried lying down that you will be in an eternal sleep. The Indian religion is just the opposite of this. The religion believes that when you die your soul still lives on and you are reunited with all things that have passed on before you. Through many poetic devices, Freneau contrasts the Indian religion view of life after death and his own. The Indian religion, mentioned in the poem The Indian Burying Ground, and the Christian religion are very different in the belief of an afterlife. The following is from the perspective of Freneau. The lines in the first stanza The posture that we give the dead, points out the souls eternal sleep. tells that the lying down posture that Christians are buried in suggests that they will be in an eternal sleep. The Indian religion in the poem says that your soul lives on forever after you die. The second stanza talks about when a person dies he is once again seated with his friends and joins them in a feast. The following quotes from the third stanza nature of the soul and knows no rest suggests that when a person dies the soul of that person doesnt die with him, but just moves on to another form. In the fourth stanza the quotes life is spent and not the old ideas gone suggests that after you have died your ideas and you as a person are not forgotten but remembered forever. There is a place where all the souls gather and sit. In the fifth stanza there is talk of a stranger observing the place where all the souls have come to sit. This person is obviously influenced by the Christian view of life after death. The person is shown that the souls are not all lying down like he has though but all are in the sitting position. An Indian is showing this person around the place where all the souls have gathered, showing him that people live on after life. One of the things the person is showed is a  tree with kids playing in its shade. Another thing he is shown is an ancient Indian queen. There are many other things that man sees to make him believe that what he is seeing is real. People in the world are too closed minded and only put things into reason. It is hard for people to actually believe in what the Indian religion says about life after death because it is too complicated for them to believe in such a thing. When a person is showed to the actual gathering of souls and participating in a feast it is hard for him to deny what is actually happening. A person has no choice but to believe in what is actually occurring. Although the Christian view of an after life differs from the Indian view, the many poetic devices in the poem helps the readers understand the two different perspectives even if they are not normal.

Essay on The Holy Bible - The Cruel God of Genesis -- Holy Bible Genes

The Cruel God of Genesis This essay will propose and support the thesis that God carries the blame for the expulsion of man from the Garden of Eden and resulting downfall of mankind. Genesis has always been the cause of heated discussions. The work itself is not all that confusing, but rather the symbolism buried deep within the text is. The opinions of the reader often have a substantial influence on the reader's interpretation of the text. Because the scripture has played such an important role in the theological beliefs of so many Christians, extremely different interpretations of the text have the potential to create distance between even the closest of friends and even worse, families. To expect that all of mankind would agree on one interpretation is quite foolish. Human nature and our free will limit the possibility that any two people, let alone the entire population of the world, would agree completely with each other on even the simplest issues. When dealing with the most popular book in the world, these substantial arguments make an unbelievable difference on how people feel about the "good book." Some interpret the story of the fall as being Adam and Eve's fault. However, this is not the case. God, the almighty, knew of the events that would transpire leading up to man's expulsion from paradise. God is truly at fault for mankind's loss of eternal bliss. He is the one who first tempted us to sin by placing before Adam and Eve the forbidden tree, knowing full and well that human nature would tell them to find the loophole in his rules. The presence of the serpent in the garden is merely coincidental and offers God a scapegoat. Without a doubt, God is the unanimously evident reason for the ... ...loving, creator of the heavens and the earth, destroy one of his own creations? The answer to that question is, to the best of my knowledge, not printed in any book in existence today. It remains a mystery to this world and very well could remain a mystery throughout the existence of life on earth. With such overwhelming evidence how can one possibly blame anyone, but God for the expulsion of mankind from the Garden of Eden? Only he had the power to do so. The only way he could destroy a creation as divine as Paradise would be to relinquish it of its divinity. He made the mistake of giving man free will, he has sufficient motive for the banishment from Eden, and he is, without a shadow of a doubt, the one at fault for this world that we live in. Humankind is merely an innocent victim of the punishments that come from a cruel God. Essay on The Holy Bible - The Cruel God of Genesis -- Holy Bible Genes The Cruel God of Genesis This essay will propose and support the thesis that God carries the blame for the expulsion of man from the Garden of Eden and resulting downfall of mankind. Genesis has always been the cause of heated discussions. The work itself is not all that confusing, but rather the symbolism buried deep within the text is. The opinions of the reader often have a substantial influence on the reader's interpretation of the text. Because the scripture has played such an important role in the theological beliefs of so many Christians, extremely different interpretations of the text have the potential to create distance between even the closest of friends and even worse, families. To expect that all of mankind would agree on one interpretation is quite foolish. Human nature and our free will limit the possibility that any two people, let alone the entire population of the world, would agree completely with each other on even the simplest issues. When dealing with the most popular book in the world, these substantial arguments make an unbelievable difference on how people feel about the "good book." Some interpret the story of the fall as being Adam and Eve's fault. However, this is not the case. God, the almighty, knew of the events that would transpire leading up to man's expulsion from paradise. God is truly at fault for mankind's loss of eternal bliss. He is the one who first tempted us to sin by placing before Adam and Eve the forbidden tree, knowing full and well that human nature would tell them to find the loophole in his rules. The presence of the serpent in the garden is merely coincidental and offers God a scapegoat. Without a doubt, God is the unanimously evident reason for the ... ...loving, creator of the heavens and the earth, destroy one of his own creations? The answer to that question is, to the best of my knowledge, not printed in any book in existence today. It remains a mystery to this world and very well could remain a mystery throughout the existence of life on earth. With such overwhelming evidence how can one possibly blame anyone, but God for the expulsion of mankind from the Garden of Eden? Only he had the power to do so. The only way he could destroy a creation as divine as Paradise would be to relinquish it of its divinity. He made the mistake of giving man free will, he has sufficient motive for the banishment from Eden, and he is, without a shadow of a doubt, the one at fault for this world that we live in. Humankind is merely an innocent victim of the punishments that come from a cruel God.

Cultural Genocide: The Movie

The film â€Å"Cultural Genocide† presented Asa Hilliard III, an African American professor of educational psychology, who focused on the particularities of genocide, homicide and suicide. According to Hilliard, he recalls genocide as any one of the following acts with the attempt to destroy a national, ethnic, religious or racial group; few examples include killing members of a group, causing bodily harm and forcibly transferring children to another group.Cultural genocide is best explained with examples, whereas indirect instances may include any prevention from practicing one’s culture or where one loses their sense of culture and a direct example is black on black killings. Homicide is an important issue Hilliard expresses, as there are many murders and bodily harm induced by African Americans towards other African Americans. Homicide not only includes lethal killings, but terminal illnesses as well, such as AIDS.AIDS is detrimental to any group, as it is can be car elessly transmitted to others, due to lack of awareness of their illness; however, it causes much damage to groups since it is being passed along, terminally harming individuals. There are many illnesses and murders that can definitely be avoided among African Americans, but they continue to be inflicted by harm, whether it is consciously or unconscious. In order to avoid such conflict, Hilliard suggests that African Americans need to be in touch with their cultural identity, he offers that it is a tie that binds a culture together, which calls for possible collaboration.Collaboration brings a sense of identity and teamwork to a culture, specifically as it allows a group to function, even when passing national boundaries, as well as individually. With African Americans having better cultural identity, there is a possibility that black on black crime will decrease, as many will view each other as their â€Å"brothers and sisters†. If young African Americans viewed each other a s family, they will most definitely treat each other with more respect and dignity, as the young will avoid physical harm among one another, which will deter crime.Nevertheless, the importance of cultural ties can link to relations among African Americans and more importantly, deter black on black crime. Black on black crime is not limited to only murders, but also within an extraordinary example, in which Hilliard presents regarding teachers in the classrooms and black communities. In predominantly African American classrooms, educators have struggled to find teachers, specifically African American teachers. Educators believe it is vital to have African American teachers, in order for the predominantly black students to perceive their own race as a role model.Having only European teachers be the majority may cause more racial gaps, but is it important to realize that educators did in fact try to employ African American teachers; however, they simply denied the employment opportunit y, as they believed there was no potential for growth or promotion. This example is no doubt causing harm among African Americans, children are not seeing their own race in the education field, causing much destruction, as potential dreams of being an educator can be damaged, as hope for their own race is non-existent.If there were more African American teachers in predominantly black schools, there is more potential for black children to see themselves as being a teacher. There are many ways to encourage children to strive for education, role models are definitely one of them and now that there is a black president in office, he serves as an icon for the African American community, as well as representing a change among racial gaps. Although a drastic change happened in the White house, it is important to remember the educational inconsistency among African American students.Many African American students still suffer many disparities among their school, including the lack of funds , which ultimately the youth endures the burden of having insufficient supplies for learning. Education is becoming severely limited for African American students, as there is a shortage of educational supplies necessary for learning, including books and even teachers. If African American teachers do not want to teach their own race, because of individual concerns of upward mobility, there is much damage imposed on African American children.In order to succeed and move forward, African Americans need to remember their cultural ties and stand together. It is reality that there is an educational gap, where certain races are inclined to being economically despaired; therefore, African Americans need to remember the importance of their cultural ties, which will not only bring them together but also, help each individual succeed. Suicide is mentioned in Hilliard’s speech because of its increasing rate of deaths in the African American community.Hilliard announces it is the leading cause of death for African American men and in fact, more die from suicide than homicide. Women, too, are impacted by suicide, as they carry more attempts to kill themselves than men do. Suicide may have been caused by the lack of belonging to something, many came from broken families and did not have a sense of community, which caused the creation of gangs, where the youth seeks familial ties and sense of belonging, in order to make up for the lack of a family.There is definitely a pattern of why many African Americans suffer and it is due to the lack of cultural identity, many have no clue where they come from and it is indeed causing much destruction. Many African Americans feel they do not belong to anything, as they lack a family, which in turn, leads them to feeling worthless, causing identity loss and thoughts of suicide. In order to make sure no other African American children feel the sense of unworthiness, there must be more collectiveness and collaboration to help overco me upcoming generations and prevent them from feeling unworthy.Many can begin by joining community groups, religious groups, or sporting activities, just to give the initial feeling of belonging to a population, this can therefore, boost self-esteem and bring identity to one’s life. The African American community must work collectively and they are definitely at a good start, as President Obama can help many of his black â€Å"brothers and sisters† conquer racial and economic disparities.

Determination of Rate Law Essay

Abstract: A solution containing potassium iodide was mixed with a hydrogen peroxide solution to determine the rate law for the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and potassium iodide at room temperature and the activation energy, Ea, of the above reaction. Potassium iodide and hydrogen peroxide react according to the following equation: We found the experimental rate law for this reaction to be and the activation energy of the reaction was calculated to be and the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor (A) of . Introduction All chemical reactions require some minimum amount of energy to transform the reactants into products. The rate of the reaction is the rate at which the products are formed from reactants. At constant temperature, the rate of a chemical reaction is constant and can be determined experimentally using the general rate law . Varying the temperature at which a particular reaction takes place changes the activation energy of the reaction at the different temperatures. Using a transformed version of the Arrhenius equation the value of for the reaction and the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor can be determined graphically. Methods There were two solutions involved in this experiment: Solution A comprised of 5. OmL buffer (to stabilize [H+]), 0. 3M KI (a source of I-), starch (indicator for I2), 0. 02M sodium thiosulfate (source of thiosulfate ion), and distilled water (to bring the total volume to 40. 00mL), while solution B contained 0. 1M hydrogen peroxide. In the first part of the experiment, we determined the rate law as follows: We prepared solutions A and B for each trial using the recommended volumes in Table 2 of the lab manual. After preparing the solutions, we used separate thermometers to record the temperature of each solution to the  nearest 0. 1, ensuring that both solution temperatures did not deviate by more than 0. 5. The data obtained was recorded as Table 1. After recording the temperatures, my partner started the timer on her phone while I poured solution B into the flask containing solution A. The end of the reaction was signaled by the formation of a blue iodine-starch complex in the flask. The amount of iodine produced was calculated using the amount of thiosulfate (limiting reagent in the thiosulfate-iodine reaction) in the solution. After performing all five trials, the values obtained for the first three trials were used to create Table 1a below. These values were then plotted using Graphical Analysis and curve fitted to determine the order of the reaction with respect to iodide as shown on Figure 1a. Table 1b was also created using the values for the last three trials, then plotted on a graph (as shown on Figure 1b) to determine the order of the reaction with respect to hydrogen peroxide and two values for the rate constant, . The values for p and q were rounded to the nearest integer and the average of the two values was then calculated to be resulting in the rate law for the of In the second part of the experiment, we determined the activation energy for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using potassium iodide by performing runs similar to part 1, but varying temperatures at which the reaction takes place. For each run, solution A and B were prepared using the recommended values from the lab manual. We then place both solutions in an ice bath (for the first 2 runs) and in a water bath (for the remaining runs) to get their temperatures to the same values as that of the water/ice in the bath. We also used the temperature values suggested in the lab manual. When needed, we increased the temperature by heating the hot plate on which we placed our bath of adding ice cubes into the bath. Once the thermometers in each solution and that in the bath reached the desired value, I simultaneously noted the time on the lab clock and poured solution B into the flask containing solution B. I recorded the time from when I poured solution A into B to when I noticed a color change from colorless to purple. I then used the data obtained to plot a graph of ln(k) against the reciprocal of the temperature for all the six runs, plus the average value of k and temperature calculated from the first part of the lab. This graph was then used to determine the activation energy, Ea and the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor, A. We report an A value of and an activation energy value of 56. 80kJ/mol. This compares to theoretical value of 56. 5kJ/mol at 0. 53% difference.

Compensation And Benefits

Compensation And Benefits Compensation takes many forms. Total compensation is comprised of three components. These are base compensation, pay incentives and benefits. The first two components comprise of direct compensation, which is the largest component and is an important motivator. However, money is not the only motivator. Indirect compensation is the other component and it takes two forms. These are benefits and employee services. These can also play and important role in building the relationships between employees and employers. Benefits remain crucial to attracting, retraining and motivating employees. The Royal Bank of Canada is a diversified financial service company with over 54,000 people who serve 10 million personal, business and public sector customers in North America and some 30 countries around the worldwide.(1) *?. We will be discussing, analyzing and critiquing Royal Bank's current Human Resources practices from a customer service representative perspective for compensation and benefits a nd how they support their overall business strategies, as well as how they also compare to standard employee compensation in Canada.Royal Bank Branch, Notre Dame Street, Montreal, QC...Most employers provide their employees with benefits such as medical and dental benefits, life insurance or disability benefits. Benefits now constitute approximately 30 percent of all compensation costs. (Gomez-Mejia and et al p.377). Controlling the costs of employee benefit plans continues to be a primary objective of many employers. Organizations realize that they need to properly manage these costs. However, ensuring a adequate level of benefits, an effective partnership between all stakeholders, including the carrier, benefits consultants, medical community, the employee and the organization is also required.There are many reasons why employee benefit programs are provided. These are outlined by Raymond Koskie and et al (1995). They are: 1. The paternalism of employers- the concern that any empl oyer will feel for the well-being of its employee, 2. Economics of scale- the extent to which...

5 Creative Ideas for Martin Luther King Essay

5 Creative Ideas for Martin Luther King Essay Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was one of the most revolutionary influences of the 20th Century. His passion and determination for race equality not only changed history, but paved the way for many other activists seeking rights and representation. During his lifetime, he inspired millions to fight for freedoms they never dreamed possible, and his death remains a testament to his dedication to peace. It’s no wonder that professors love to assign essays about this controversial American hero. While it can seem a daunting task to undertake, writing a powerful essay about Martin Luther King, Jr. is actually much easier than it seems. With the right approach and a little personal investment, your professor will be blown away by the quality and depth of your Martin Luther King essay submission. Maximum Quotability In many high schools and colleges, Martin Luther King Day is celebrated with essay contests that revolve around many of his incredible quotes. To start your essay off right, try looking up some of these well-known (or little-known) snippets to get the mental juices flowing: Everyone has the power for greatness, not for fame, but greatness, because greatness is determined by service. †Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.† â€Å"Lifes most persistent and urgent question is, What are you doing for others?† â€Å"War is a poor chisel to carve out tomorrow.† â€Å"Faith is taking the first step even when you dont see the whole staircase.† Connect It to Your Life Martin Luther King, Jr. talked about so many important concepts that it is virtually impossible not to be personally affected by at least one. Review some of the main ideas that he fought and died for. Which ideas have your life (or the lives of those you love) been touched by? Tell those stories and then reflect on how Dr. King’s actions have helped you to be where you are today. Some of Dr. King’s ideas to consider are: People should not be judged based on their outward appearance, but by the â€Å"content of their character.† Fear is the ultimate cause for hatred and violence. Not standing up for what is right is just as bad as doing wrong. Nonviolence is a powerful weapon. Quality of life, not length of life, is what is important. The creative and dedicated minority are the ones who change the world. Living History Another great way to get into your essay is by looking at the life of Martin Luther King, Jr. from a historical perspective. Pick out a few events that were pivotal in the life of Dr. King, or turn the last few days of his life into a narrative essay. In fact, you could get creative by writing a short story from the perspective of a close assistant or even the gunman who assassinated Dr. King. Just make sure that you use primary sources and good research skills to build your narrative upon. What If? It’s been almost 50 years since the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. In that time, we’ve seen racial integration and equality on an unprecedented scale. And yet, is there more work that needs to be done? In this essay style, you need to take a look around and see the world through Dr. King’s eyes. What would he think of today’s music? Our current president? Current social and political activism efforts? Peruse the headlines and imagine what Dr. King would think about the Ferguson riots or the push for gay marriage rights equality. Then, write your essay from his perspective, using his own quotes to support your theories of how he would respond. Put It Into Action Instead of starting your essay on a piece of paper, why not begin something with your hands? For example, instead of just writing about Dr. King’s ideology, consider putting those ideas into action for a week. Take notes about how serving others made you feel. Explain the difficulties and benefits of reacting peacefully to people who don’t like you. When all the other students in your class are turning in the same rehashed information and opinions, you can be sharing your real-life experiences of putting Dr. King’s famous concepts into action – and completely blow your teacher away. Are you assigned with Martin Luther King essay? Have some interesting ideas? Share anything with us in the comments below

Importance of Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Importance of Communication - Research Paper Example With respect to Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL), the company provides great example for understanding that how the market scenario had provided decision makers to understand the problems and opportunities and turn them to innovation. Innovation may rake the shape of a unique product, different methods or new approach of performing business. It arrives from inside of a company. Successful innovations take place by different outlooks and concepts. HLL had put great deal of efforts to develop innovative approaches and increase sales in the rural poor market of India. Generally, the products of multinational companies are targeted for developed market and the price is often beyond the purchasing power of rural citizens. Thus, multinational companies always market their products for the top level customers in poorer nations. HLL seeks to take the opportunity of making products available for poor consumers. They seek to reach to the poor customers by research and development approach. HLL ob served that to sell their products in the rural market of India there is need to shift from traditional media. In India, there were differences in using the television media among poor people and thus there was need for more direct and individual approach to communicate their message to the poor consumers. The main problem HLL faced for selling the products was illiteracy among poor Indian people. The decision makers had recognized that customers need to be educated first to understand the benefits they can get by using HLL products (Achtmeyer, â€Å"Hindustan Lever†). There was a great opportunity in front of HLL as the food market was strong in India. Food accounts for almost half of all commercial consumptions in India. India’s market was characterized by overwhelming national and social diversity. The HLL market researchers had studied the market of India and learned that majority of food purchased by poor people are raw in nature. The food products where made as w ell as sold locally. Each food products such as wheat, rice and salt among others have separate supply chain. As salt was the key input of majority of HLL products, the decision makers had selected salt as prospect for market growth (Achtmeyer, â€Å"Hindustan Lever†). HLL entered in the salt market of India by their new product ‘Kissan Annapuna’ in the year 1995. At that time, 10% of total consumer salt was sold branded. The decision makers had recognized the need for improving the customers’ knowledge. Besides the rural market, the consumers of urban market also purchased unbranded salt. In order to expand their business, HLL concentrated on the urban market to demonstrate the practicality of their branded salt. The demand and production of salt was well in India, thus HLL focused on upgrading the quality of their salt and purity in their products. The major issue for HLL was the price of product as their main competitor was local salt which was inexpens ive. The cost of HLL salt was high because it included the shipping expenses, packaging expenses and refinery expenses that were absent in local products.

Managing human resource in travel and tourism management Essay

Managing human resource in travel and tourism management - Essay Example In most situations, the driver becomes multipurpose; that is, acts as both the driver and guard. This is important because it reduces cost. However, the driver has to undergo training to be considered an expert in guiding. This training is arranged by the human-resource department. It is worth noting that the guide has extensive knowledge of history, literature and of England. As a result, the information aired is accurate hence the customer enjoys and appreciates the time with P&P Tours (Mathis & Jackson, 2003). The demand and supply forces are the most important forces in a business organization. This is because these forces keep the company in check hence make the right decisions. In the travel and tourism environment, the demand for the personnel in this sector is very high. This is because the tourism sector in the United Kingdom is considered to be one of the best in the world. Therefore, the influx of tourists to see the world sites is considered to be on an all-time high. Thi s translates to the fact that demand for tour companies is high, hence personnel to work in these companies is also high. Supply of the personnel, on the other hand, is notably low. This is because the industry requires skilled personnel to work in the sector. This is because some detail is crucial for a tour to be considered successful, hence personnel need to be trained on this information. However, persons that have undergone this training are less compared to the demand for these personnel. It is, therefore, right to say that the demand for personnel in this business environment is more than the supply (Human-Resource Resource Planning Society, 1998).). A human-resource plan exists as a departmental document thatstipulates programme that... "Human Resource in Travel and tourism management" essay outlines the value of the human resource in the travel industry, describes important skills and forces in business organization. It shows the different examples how to achieve a superior product through improving staff. The demand and supply forces are the most important forces in a business organization. This is because these forces keep the company in check hence make the right decisions. In the travel and tourism environment, the demand for the personnel in this sector is very high. This is because the tourism sector in the United Kingdom is considered to be one of the best in the world. Therefore, the influx of tourists to see the world sites is considered to be on an all-time high. This translates to the fact that demand for tour companies is high, hence personnel to work in these companies is also high. Supply of the personnel, on the other hand, is notably low. This is because the industry requires skilled personnel to wo rk in the sector. This is because some detail is crucial for a tour to be considered successful, hence personnel need to be trained on this information. However, persons that have undergone this training are less compared to the demand for these personnel. It is, therefore, right to say that the demand for personnel in this business environment is more than the supply. A human-resource plan exists as a departmental document thatstipulates programme that are to be followed in the next few years to facilitate proper human-resource management.

The US Presidential Electoral System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The US Presidential Electoral System - Essay Example After the election, the delegates cast their electoral vote and the winner is decided. This system was necessitated at the birth of the nation when counting a national popular vote was impractical. In addition, it protected the government offices from being decided by an ill-informed electorate. Though it is generally an adequate reflection of the voters' preference, it has several weaknesses. One weakness in the electoral college, that a popular vote system would rectify, is the unequal distribution of voter power. Under the current system, the number of electoral votes is equal to the number of House members plus two. Since the number of House members is based on population, this gives an advantage to the smaller states (Bennett 3). Voters in the least populated states have more power with their individual votes than the voters in the larger states do. In addition, since the apportionment of electoral votes is based on the census, it is always out of date, sometimes by as much as 1 0 years (Edwards 2). A popular vote system would alleviate both of these problems and accurately reflect the population on an equal basis. Individual voter power is further hampered when the minority (loser) in the large states are awarded no electoral delegates at all. Leib and Mark state that, "Minority voters in large non-swing states—say Republicans today in California or New York, as well as Democrats in Texas—have the most reason to be upset with the current method of awarding electoral votes" (106). Uneven apportionment, out of date census data, and no minority voice creates an unjust system of voter unfairness. One of the purposes of an electoral system is to facilitate and encourage voter participation. When voters feel like their vote is of little or no value, they will be discouraged from participating in the process. As an example, Indiana has traditionally voted overwhelmingly for the Republican presidential candidate in the last several elections. Though Democrats make up as much as 40 percent of the vote, their votes have not been counted for years. For all practical purposes, they have no reason to vote for a candidate that can not carry the state. "These disincentives essentially take the form of reducing the perceived benefits of voting for a Presidential candidate by restricting the power of votes to state jurisdictions rather than allowing all votes equal value (power) in a national election determined strictly by a popular vote" (Cebula and Murphy 188). Reforming the electoral college to reflect a more equitable system of voter power would encourage greater voter participation. Moving to a popular vote system would not only more fairly represent the voters, it would also reduce the special favor spending projects that are awarded

Environmental Forces In The Indian Shipping Industry

Environmental Forces In The Indian Shipping Industry The global shipbuilding industry has changed in the last two decades, the demand and supply of goods in the international market, that many sectors in the market of shipbuilding in force. The transport of goods in bulk can only be transported by large commercial cargo ships. Shipping industry is a huge industry that requires a lot of skilled and cheap labour. Shipping industry requires expensive investments. In the 1960s Europe were dominant in this industry. Globalization and free trade have opened up opportunities for new life to the shipping industry. There are many factors that directly or indirectly affects to the present day companies such as government policies, regulations, laws, competition, technology, international organizations, institutions of world trade, minimum wage, accidents, risk, violence, safety, labour, supplies, etc. So for any company to survive they have to manage the strategies accordingly to overcome those factors. But in practice it is virtually impossible to consider all these various factors. There are certain forces like PEST that determine the external factors to the environments of shipping industry. Here I found that, the Indian government is providing enormous support to promote foreign trade for the economic development and from my personal experience in shipping industry under Shipping Corporation of India (SCI) gave me thrust to explore more about the Indian shipping industry. Here I analysed the Indian shipping industries growth and present situation using PEST forces. The four environmental forces [PEST] are discussed in this report are as follows 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 4. Technology 1 Introduction 1.1 MACRO ENVIRONMENT The major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organizations decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic factors; demographics, legal, political, and social conditions, technological changes, and natural forces. A PEST analysis is used to analyze the external environment that affects al firms. PEST is a short form of political, economical, social and technological factors of the external macro environment. Changes in the external environment also create new opportunities and the letters are rearranged to construct the more optimistic term of STEP analysis. Many macro environmental factors are country specific and a PEST analysis will need to be performed for all countries of interest. Specific examples of macro environment influences include competitors, changes in interest rates, changes in cultural tastes, disastrous weather, or government regulations. 1.2 Indian shipping Industry In todays fast moving world of airplanes, traveling by sea is very slow, but when we talk about transporting heavy and mass delivery of goods, ships can be the only option. The marine and the sea trade have always been given the first preference in India and also all over the world. This is the main reason that, marine industry is considered the largest transportation industry. Shipping industry involves huge workforce, huge investment and modern technology for smooth running. Shipping is a time consuming process. As we know import and exports contribute the national income of the country, where major imports and exports are done through the sea. The main driving factor of this industry is the GDP growth. Over the past years the shipping industry has shifted its primarily base from the dominating nation like Europe to now Asia. The Indian shipping consists of about 616 vessels with a total capacity of 6.62 million gross tonnages (GRT). Of these, about 258 ships in overseas trade and the other layers operate domestic routes. After a period of decline, both tonnage and fleet size has grown recently with the addition of vessels tugs, survey vessels, towing vessels and pilot vessels one of the Ports and Maritime Board. These were recorded between April 2002 and March 2003. There are approximately 55 shipping companies in the industry, of which 19 are exclusively in the coastal areas of trade and 29 operating in the overseas trade. The rest operate in both types of trade. Â   A few major players dominate the sector. Of these, the State Shipping Corporation of India (SCI) and the private sectors Great Eastern Shipping has mixed fleet. Other companies like Essar Shipping are focused on energy trade and mainly operates tankers. Chowgule Shipping and Varun shipping are two other major companies in the industry. Varun Shipping is especially deals with bulk, gas and chemical transport and Chowgule shipping moves bulk commodities like iron ore, grain, coal, fertilizer, etc Here we will analyze the overall Indian shipping industry using PEST analysis which refers to factors like Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. 2 Political Factors Shipping industry in India is administered by central government through Ministry of Shipping with the individual responsibility to plan policies, programme and its implementation. Every port in India is governed under Major Port Trust Act 1963 and Indian Ports Act 1980 and administered independently by board of trustees under direct orders from central government. Due to the immense involvement of the government political force are more important in India. 2.1 Appointment of Custom House Agents Customs House Agent (CHA) is a person who is appointed by the government to act as an agent for operation of any business relating to the entry or departure of conveyances or the import or export of goods at any Customs station. These agents are governed by Customs House Agents Licensing Regulations, 1984 which involve responsibilities like filing bills of entry, shipping bills, submitting documents, helping in examination of goods, payment of duty on behalf of principal, storage and movement of goods. These agents act as an intermediate between importer, exporter, clearing agent and custom house due to the more involvement and technical behaviour of work involved in connection with the clearance of cargo. These agents are selected after clearing certain criterias like minimum qualification as graduation, practical working experience in customs for 3 years, consistency of applicant, financial soundness and completion of oral and written examination with maximum 3 attempts. This kind of agents affects positively in the Indian shipping sector, because it prevents the fraud and illegal entry and controls the activities of shipping business in a particular manner. 2.2 Infrastructure Development Maritime transport is a national social and economic development infrastructure. It will affect the speed, structure and mode of development. 90% of Indias foreign trade conducted by sea, unlike the existing port infrastructure and trade will not be sufficient treatment. In recent years, the Government has started in return for up to 100% of the tax exemption of up to 10 years to promote PPP model in infrastructure project investment up to 100% relief, ADIs incentives. As a result of this a huge amount of investments have been made by foreign companies like Maersk, PO Ports, Dubai Ports International and PSA Singapore for the development of port and operation activities. This type of activity helps to encourage the shipping industry for the new investors, while it also gives the benefit to the existing market players by providing loans and other facilities, and helps in development of sites, this factor is positively affect the industry. 2.3 Anti Sea Piracy: Government is actively involved in reducing the sea piracy in Gulf of Aden off Somalia coast. Pirates became a major problem in the recent time for the shipping industry, especially during the trade and transit between India and other counties like Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Egypt and Ethiopia. To protect vessels and crew from such pirate attacks, India has deployed its naval warship in Gulf of Aden since 2008 under informal Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS). This was accepted by 22 countries for securing their vessels from the coast of Somalia from pirates. Around 59 Indian vessels are hijacked in the year 2009 till date but none of the crew members or vessels has been held detained due to proactive and timely measures by government. This policy negatively affects the industry, because due to policy of government businesses in sea is not safe at Somalia coast. So the shipping business was suffering a lot because none of the companies want to do their business in such dangerous places. 2.4 Safeguarding Domestic Market: With the action of anti dumping and anti subsidy measures and comply with the WTO agreement, government seek to provide necessary relief and protection to domestic companies against dumping of goods and articles at cheaper rates by exporting companies of foreign countries. India has been a victim since long time against such unfair practices in items like import of chemicals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, textile, steel and other consumer products which were dumped at cheaper rates than offered by Indian companies. Under these anti dumping measures government charges an additional duty on such cheap imported products making it equivalent to price offered by domestic market. These factors will effect negatively to the shipping business in India. This is because the anti dumping and high duty will discourage the foreign players to invest in Indian market, because of less opportunity and less import in such a situation. 2.5 Promoting Exports: To overcome shortcomings on account of multiple controls and clearances, absence of world class infrastructure, unstable fiscal regime and with a view to attract larger foreign investments in India, the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Policy was announced in April 2000. This policy intends to make SEZs an engine for economic growth, employment opportunities, attract foreign direct investment, infrastructure development with attractive incentives like exemption from central and state taxes, 100% income tax exemption for 5 years, duty free imports, exemption from custom and excise duties etc. As a result there are presently 105 SEZ units operational in India with continuous growth rate of more than 50% annually. Even during the period of recession when global markets were struggling Indian SEZs were booming with growth rate of 93% and 50% in fiscal year 2008-2009 and 2009-20010 respectively. These factors will positively affect the shipping business in India. As the other benefits and tax saving in SEZ is more, the foreign companies are interested to invest in Indian Shipping Industry, which will improve the development of Indian shipping industry. Also 100% benefit in tax and other duty free schemes encourage the domestic companies to invest more and more and export as much as possible. This will result into high growth of industry. Overall, from the above factors, two factors will negatively affects the shipping industry and two will positively affect the shipping industry in India. All the present and upcoming governments are interested in development of shipping industry. So, the political factors are positively affects the shipping industry. 3 Economic Factors: Economic factors are as important as political factors that affect not only this industry but every industry in every corner of the world. Change in economic conditions at domestic or at international level mostly affects the functioning of each industry, following are some of the economic factors that may affect shipping industry. Exchange Rates are required for determining the custom duties and excise duties, assessment of import and export goods, payment of duties etc. These rates are not uniform and fluctuate daily in line with demand-supply factors existing in international markets. The Indian government used to inform the shipping authority about the monthly exchange rate, through monthly notification. This ensures that dealing and communication between trade bodies and government agencies, in respect of duties and value of goods is uniformed across all ports and across all custom houses throughout India, instead of different rates and different value. 3.1 Rationalization Measures With the incentives like minimal or zero custom duty, government is promoting trade of medical equipments, construction machineries, renewable sources of energy, bio degradable products, solar energy, export of species, tea/ coffee plantation and agricultural machinery etc. At the same time the Indian government demotes import of products like petrol, diesel, precious metals which add no value to the economy as a whole. These validation measures are available to improve infrastructure, quality of life of people, better facilities and environment friendly products. These factors affect positively to the shipping industries, as encouragement from the government for export, agricultural improvements etc will increase the export and increase the profitability of Indian shipping industry. 3.2 Push n Pull Factors Due to global recession for the last few years liquidity of countries around the world has affected badly. As a result of the recession many governments have increased the percentage rates on fixed and saving deposits to pull out money from its people to fund the shortage. This move was successful to some extent which was further boosted by relaxation in income tax slabs. For example, individual in India earning 5 lacks (0.5 million) or more was paying 30% tax under previous rules which is now decreased by 20% under Union Budget 2010-11. This means saving of Rs 50,000 by way of tax annually which has indirectly increased the buying power of that individual. Government also made tax relaxations, if the investment is made in national health care, medical and infrastructure projects. These new procedures and relaxations have provided relief to around 60% of taxpayers by way of savings in taxes. This factor is also positively affects the shipping industry indirectly, as the circulation of money getting high, the demographic pattern of people will also change like income, purchasing power etc. which will increase the business of shipping by more movement of goods and services for meet the high demands. 3.3 Inflation The inflation rate reflects changes in supply and demand conditions in economy. Inflation management therefore involves controlling demand and supply factors by various monetary and fiscal measures respectively. Before global recession wholesale price index (WPI) inflation was high due to the raw material and fuel prices increase, resulting decreased due to meltdown in the global economy, which has resulted in the sharp decline in commodity prices. Due to the above factors the inflation rate in India during the period 2008-09 was 10.20% which has reached to 1.63% in 2009-10. As regards food inflation, the continuous increase in inflation rate from start of 2009-10 was majorly due to unfavourable monsoon in India which was worst since 1972. Food inflation has reached double digits because of shortage in supply of wheat, rice, pulses, sugar, onions and potatoes. Government initiated several anti-inflationary measures such as exempting duties on import of rice, wheat, pulses, edible oils to bring more imports to country and also allowing distribution of rice and wheat to consumers through public distribution centres (PDS). So to control the increase in price further trading, exports have also been suspended for rice, wheat and onions. However inflation in India was much better and inactive compared to other countries of world. Inflation rate negatively affect the Indian shipping industry, because high rate of inflation will resulted into high prices and high rate of transfer of goods will decrease the business of shipping. Overall, economic factors are positively affects the shipping industry. Except inflation all factors are positively affects the shipping industry and growth rate is also high. 4 Social Forces 4.1 Quick Facts Indian civilization can be traced back to 3400 BC during the development of Indus Valley Civilization. India lies to the north of the equator between 6Â °44 and 35Â °30 north latitude and 68Â °7 and 97Â °25 east longitude. Indias coast is 7,517 kilometres long which consists of 43% sandy beaches, 11% rocky coast including cliffs, and 46% mudflats or marshy coast India has a GDP of over USD 1.367 trillion, the 11th largest in the world. It is the 4th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity. Its per capita income is USD 1124, 139th in the world. Population in India is second highest in the world. As of 2010, Indias population is estimated to be 1.18 billion. India ranks 139th globally under medium human development category according to human development index (HDI). Due to significant changes in economic reforms undertaken during the industrial revolution in 1991, India has transformed itself to one of the fastest growing economies in world. India is also a strong member of Commonwealth of Nations, SAARC, and WTO. Indias strong 55,000 military personnels are serving in 35 UN peacekeeping operations across 4 continents. 4.2 Demographics India has more land than any other country except United States, and largest water covered area after Canada and United States. Indian life revolves mostly around agriculture and allied activities in small villages, where the vast majority of Indians live. As per the 2001 census, 72.2% of the population lives in about 638,000 villages and the remaining 27.8% lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban areas. In languages Hindi is used by over 80% of population in India followed by Muslim (13.4%), Christian (2.4%) and Sikhs (1.3%). Muslim population in India is third largest in world after Indonesia and Pakistan. 57% of population in India is between age group 15-59 years while around 35% of population is below 15 years. Literacy rate in India is 64.8% overall distributed between urban (79.9%) and rural areas (58.7%). This factor is positively affects the shipping industry, as difference in location, demand people will demand different things and import of it will increase the s hipping business. 4.3 Cultural Trends Trends are a sign of new enablers unlocking existing human needs which are constantly changing with time. Cultural trend reflects in many tangible aspects ranging from architecture to attire to food to culture which are deeply embedded in the rich historical and geographical elements of the country. In the past two decades, India has seen number of changes, more seen as an after effect of globalization. A nation of thinkers has become a nation of makers, eco sensitivity is on the rise, and all this has translated into a new language of patriotism, and speaks of a newly defined culture. This cultural shift has definite impacts on the Indian work scenario. Start-ups today have fresh innovative concepts and exciting working models which highlights the key socio-cultural trends in India. Businesses are increasingly catering to rational, practical and current cultural needs and are not based only on traditional models and offerings. Indian society is defined by relatively strict social hi erarchy because of high degree of syncretism and cultural pluralism. Marriage is considered to be a thought for life and therefore divorce rate is extremely low in India. 4.4 Recent Trends in 2011 Government has started its long awaited prosperous plan to provide unique identification number to every citizen which would be used primarily as the basis for efficient delivery of welfare services. It would also act as a tool for effective monitoring of various programs and schemes of the Government. This program of unique identification will strengthen transparency and accountability. Plans are also underway to improve literacy rate of 60mn females among 70mn illiterate adults through introduction of Saakshar Bharat (Educate India) scheme enhancing post metric scholarships schemes for scheduled cast students. National Social Security Fund for unorganized sector workers to be set up with an initial allocation of Rs. 10,000mn. This fund will support schemes for weavers, toddy tappers, rickshaw pullers etc. Various such measures are being taken by government to improve the education level in rural areas, improving the health of rural people and those living below poverty line, develo ping rural infrastructure and rural housing. Overall, socio cultural factors positively affect the industry. Because people are more relay on shipping and this will increases the growth. 5 Technological Factors Technologies significantly affect humans ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. Technological development like printer, telephones and internet to name a few have narrowed physical barriers to communication and allowed human to interact freely on a global scale. However, not all technology innovations are good for society like development of nuclear and other weapons which only create destruction. In recent times, more encouragement is being given to new technologies which are environment friendly. Shipping industry is majorly dependent on technology which fastens the movement of goods and ships data processing, control the increased throughput, better delivery and communication, reducing fuel consumption and costs. We will see some of the benefits of technology to revolutionize the shipping industry. 5.1 Faster Data Processing Traditional methods of manual data entry with typewriters for the preparation of shipping documents, invoices, the survey reports, and load / discharge list were taken over by computers and the Internet. Now customers prepare shipping instructions in their own office with computers and direct delivery to shipping companies for the preparation of bills of lading using the internet. Customers also receive web invoices and payments to shipping companies with online banking. This technology has improved in changing the way people have traditionally been the work with greater ease, flexibility and efficiency. Customers can also track estimated arrival / departure of cargo to / from Terminal Operators on site because of the synchronization between companies system and the Internet. CHA and shipping companies have also benefited with this technological improvement. They are now able to communicate with customs, government offices easily through mails and can send official shipping documents using encrypted data transfer channel. These e-business solutions, organizations benefit through low costs, reduction in errors, short processing times, reusable data, real time information, less rekeying, saving of phone, fax and courier costs, secure solutions, seamless flow etc. These e-solutions have been further boosted in shipping with the introduction of INTTRA (Third E-business platform), which has allowed customers to send the same data to multiple operators, rather than sending each data individually to each operator. Now almost every shipping communication between customer and shipping lines are being done using this system. Another breakthrough in this area was the implementation of customs EDI system (electronic data interchange), which connected Indian customs with companies in international trade electronically. The main purpose for its implementation was to respond quickly to the needs of trade, the reduction of trade interaction with authorities, uniformity of assessment and evaluation across all custom stations, providing quick and correct information and statistics to policy makers. Due to the increased data accuracy, security and management the paper work, operational time and costs reduced drastically. 5.2 Ship Technology Changes in shipbuilding and engineering design technology and material changes made to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, thereby reducing erosion to save marine ecosystems and to increase fuel efficiency. One innovation which is underway in field of recirculation of exhaust gases in ships, which will reduce pollution of nitrogen oxide in atmosphere. A company named MAN has produced the diesel engine using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system that can reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by 50% today and 80% in near future. The system works by directing part of a vessels exhaust gas back into the engine scavenge air, reducing the oxygen content in the combustion chamber. The reduced lower combustion temperature in turn reduces the formation of nitrogen oxide. Testing of this prototype system will be done in of the container vessel in current year (2011). Another technology is developed by SISTEMAR, in design of propeller which is expected to increase efficiency of the ship by 5% to 8%. This contracted and loaded tip (CLT) propeller is an unconventional propeller which will reduce tip vortex, reduce cavitations, improve manoeuvring and will reduce emission by 5% to 8% compared to conventional propellers. After the initial testing it has been found that new propeller has significantly reduced vibrations onboard the ship, increased the efficiency and the propeller is causing low induced pressure pulses. Overall, technological factors positively affect the shipping industry, because the development of technology will reduce the time of process and useful in timely decisions. New technological advances will increase the business by improving service quality and high performance processing. 6 Conclusions and Recommendation Container line business is a flamboyant industry not only in India but in whole world. Due to fast economic growth as in the past, trade between India and developed countries has increased appreciably. India is now seen as export making country from its traditional tag of import specific country. As a result of this development, shipping industry is progressing at average rate of 10% during the last 3 years. It is also important that government of India and Ministry of Shipping in particular should take more positive steps like setting up automated container terminals, increasing more dry cargo berths, liberal regulations in free movement of foreign exchange and international trade, easing export/ import duties to make this industry work more freely and contribute even more to economic development of the country. Companies at same time should adapt more technology to make easy and efficient work environment for customers and employees. Looking ahead it seems strong prospective in growth markets, where the number of middle-income consumers is booming. In 2011, government should focus the main part of its attention and investments in these markets. In the start of the worst year ever for container activities is in 2008 2009 due to recession, the Indian government continued its focus on strengthening competitiveness.