Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccines Essay - 755 Words

Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccines Edward Jenner (1749-1823) trained in London, under John Hunter, and was an army surgeon for a period of time. After that, he spent his whole career as a country doctor in his home county, Gloucestershire (West of England). His research was based on careful case studies and clinical observation more than a hundred years before scientists could explain what viruses and diseases actually were. His innovative new method was successful to such an extent that by 1840 the British government had banned alternative preventive treatments against smallpox. [IMAGE] His invention of vaccination against smallpox was the medical breakthrough that saved the†¦show more content†¦He inoculated by taking a very small quantity of fluid from an unripe smallpox pustule, on the point of a lancet, and inserting it between the outer and inner layers of the skin of the upper arm without drawing blood. He did not use a bandage to cover the incision. Jenner had always been fascinated by the rural old wives tale that milkmaids could not get smallpox. He believed that there was a connection between the fact that milkmaids only got a weak version of smallpox (the non-life threatening cowpox) but did not get the strong version, smallpox itself. A milkmaid who caught cowpox got blisters on her hands and Jenner concluded that it must be the pus in the blisters that somehow protected the milkmaids. Jenner began to inoculate against smallpox using Suttons method, but he soon found some patients to be completely resistant to the disease. Upon investigation, he found that these patients had previously had cowpox. Jenner concluded that cowpox not only protected against smallpox, but also could be transferred from one human being to another as a deliberate mechanism of protection. As early as 1780 Jenner learned that the eruptions of the teats of infected cows differed. All were called cowpox and all could be transferred to the hands of the milkmaids, but only one kind created a resistance to smallpox. He called this type true cowpox. Jenner discovered thatShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Smallpox During The Middle Ages866 Words   |  4 Pageshealth care. English Physician and Scientist Edward Jenner, a small country doctor, who is well known around the world for his innovative contribution to immunization and the ultimate eradication of smallpox. (2005, Baylor University Medical Center.) It is believed that smallpox appeared around 10,000 B.C. Smallpox was introduced to Europe sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries and was frequently epidemic during the Middle Ages. Edward Jenner was born on May 17, 1749, in Berkeley, GloucestershireRead MoreIndividuals and Their Discoveries Are Not Enough to Bring Medical Progress. Explain How Far This Statemen t Applies to Jenner and His Work721 Words   |  3 PagesIndividuals and their discoveries are not enough on their own to bring medical progress. Explain how far this statement applies to Jenner and his work. Jenner’s discovery of the link between cowpox and smallpox was significant to the development of a vaccine for smallpox. However, it can be argued that Jenner and his discovery were not enough on their own to bring medical progress. The factors Scientific thinking, Government Communication and Changing attitudes played a major and important roleRead MoreDiscovery And Turning Point Of The Industrial Revolution1071 Words   |  5 Pagesprogress, new discoveries concerning medicine would have to be made. One salient discovery and turning point of the industrial revolution was the inauguration of the vaccine. While they have benefited human beings for over two centuries, the adventure to advantageous vaccines has been neither orderly nor undeviating. This can be discerned in the developments of Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur, religious controversy, and modern outcome. The story of vaccination began with Edward Jenner, — a doctorRead MorePasteur s Work Into Motion796 Words   |  4 PagesVaccines Louis Pasteur was a French 19th century scientist, chemist, physicist, philosopher, microbiologist, father of pasteurization, and towards the latter part of his career became an immunologist. Though the immune system had barely even been discovered towards the end of the 19th century, Pasteur was able to develop vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies. Though he started out trying to discover what the culprit was to making livestock and dogs sick, he applied this knowledge andRead MoreThe First Major Discoveries That Laid The Foundation For Technological Advances During The World Of Vaccinations1364 Words   |  6 PagesThe first major discoveries that laid the foundation for technological advances in the world of vaccinations were that of Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur. In 1796, Jenner took on smallpox. He had been informed that milkmaids seemed to be immune to the disease, however, upon further inspection he realized that the women all had a lesser form of smallpox, ca lled cowpox, on their hands. He began to theorize that cowpox played a role as to why the women never contracted the deadly disease. To test hisRead MoreThe Historical Events Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1595 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein says, â€Å"None but those who have experienced them can conceive the enticements of science. In other studies you go as far as others have gone before you, and there is no more to know; but in a scientific pursuit there is continual food for discovery and wonder† (Shelley 45). Shelley also explores the negative side of innovation by the perversion of the creature that Frankenstein spent hours poring over. Frankenstein was disappointed and terrified by the way his creature did not follow the planRead MoreVaccines : Defense Against Disease Or Illness?1657 Words   |  7 PagesVaccines: Defense Against Disease or Initiators of Illness? Human beings are not invincible, for they are susceptible to things such as sickness, disease, and death. Throughout the years, humans have faced numerous outbreaks of different illnesses. In response to such outbreaks, people searched for ways to protect themselves. One protection method was vaccination. The creation of the first vaccine, the further development of common vaccinations, and the varied responses to vaccination have greatlyRead MoreDifferences Between Cultures And Cultures Of Europe2036 Words   |  9 PagesGregor Mendel, from the Czech Republic. However in this paper, just a few out of the abundant selections of biologists from Europe will be discussed and compared. Their cultures, identities, and education have all influenced a different array of discoveries and successes that have opened the door for scientists today to follow in their footsteps and add on to their theories. During the time that the scientists being discussed lived, Europe was undergoing a fundamental change. During the 18th and 19thRead MoreVaccinations Of The Smallpox Vaccine1687 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduced in the late 18th century by Edward Jenner. He injected a small amount of cowpox in a thirteen year-old boy to demonstrate the effectiveness it had against smallpox, resulting in the development of the first smallpox vaccine in 1798. Because of his discovery, Jenner contributed to the overall annihilation of the disease in 1979 after the vaccine was implemented in different medicines throughout the world (source). Following Jenner, many others produced vaccines to help reduce the fatalities ofRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Smallpox Vaccine943 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduced, new discoveries were brought to their attention, remedies was in the spotlight, and the start of women’s professions generated. Vaccines are the most successful strategies in medicine to prevent and even eliminate the most gruesome and contagious diseases. For centuries, smallpox traumatized the human race. Today, smallpox is not something we automatically think of when somebody gets a rash or have the chills, thanks to Edward Jenner. The first successful smallpox vaccine was introduced

Lao-tzu Taoism and Moral Philosophy Free Essays

Lao-tzu Believed in Tao Te Ching: The way things are The Tao is the way, law, principle. Essence, balance of nature 1. The Tao escapes precise definition 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Lao-tzu: Taoism and Moral Philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tao is intangible, it’s energy 3. Tao is powerful, humans are weak 4. Radical Naturalism Tao is a force of nature not a force of spirit * Art over science art is wiser, deeper * Intuition over logic * Nature over society. Social Pessimism (Escapism) Every society is corrupted bureaucracy society restricts you gives you an artificial life 5. Structure of the Tao Yin: female slow dark night passive intuitive earth Yang: male fast bright day aggressive logical sky Yin and Yang are immortals they have a love/ have relationship each person has yin and yang 6. The wu-wei: non-action, respect to the flow of time, the art of waiting. Opposite of confusious Buddha Buddha is a spiritualist, a prince, gifted 1. Darhma (The teaching) -what is the meaning of human life? Dukkha: suffering, fight, struggle, competition – Why do we inflict upon ourselves unnecessary suffering? Tanha: egotism, selfishness, Trrisha: greed, addiction to pleasure Hudonism: seeking pleasure over pain. Seeking pleasure is a very sophisticated trap any addiction Is loss of freedom. You become a slave of your pleasure – What to do? Anatta: abstinence, restrained. No to any excessive pleasure. The art of no. – What is the goal? Anicca: liberation from addiction 2. The eight fold Noble Path: – Panna: wisdom 1. Understanding 2. Purpose – sila : conflict 3. Speech 4. Behavior Five moral rules: do not kill, steal, adultry, drugs, gossips Have consistancy in your morality, hypocracy corrupts you, don’t live a double life, fake identity Steps 1-5 are for normal people 6-8 are for monks or nuns – Samadhi: Contemplation 6. Effort you control your body, physical needs, tell body when to sleep and eat 7. houghtfulness control your emotions 8. Dhayana: deep meditation: control your mind. 3. Karma 3 types of karma * Sabija Karma: my birth karma. Born with culture in sould, reincarnation 4. Nirvana: Two kingdoms of reality Samsava: kingdom of pleasure, shallow Alaya Vijhara: The Kingdom of internal ideas, deep Nirvana: the state of et ernal spiritual bliss Protageras: He was king of sophists in athens. Sophist: pofessional teacher 1. Panton anttropas metron : man is the measure of all things 2. Subjectivism: there is no objective truth, every truth is somebody’s truth, or has its face 3. Relativism: as many people as many truths, they are all equal. Accepting diversity 4. Pragmatism: truth has to be helpful, practical, useful 5. Conventionalism: truth is what we have agreed upon (sometimes silently) Ex: cultural expectations, gender roles 6. Conformism: truth of the majority has to be respected by the minorities 7. Tolerance: The truth of the minority has to be tolerated by the majority He reminds me of president obama because his ideas reflect democratic beliefs. Socrates: 1. Choti Seanton: Know Yourself We humans are animals + Animals + psyche : ( soul) Care for your soul Soul = my self reflection We are reflective animals To reflect = to have knowledge ‘I know that I know nothing’ â€Å"a life unexamined is not worth living† 2. Epistemology (4 principles) Define the basic concepts as clear as you can, avoid misunderstandings Don’t be afraid of intellectual contradictions, diversity in opinions Socratic irony, don’t lose your sense of humor, don’t take yourself so seriously Only god knows the absolute truth, our human truth is limited Protageras: absolute truth doesn’t exist Socrates: absolute truth exits but only god knows 3. Moral Philosophy The essence of morality is to teach us arete: virtue, skills Perfect your skills, perectionism Its better to not be committed than to have a loose commitment Skills =knowledge Life-long education, ignorance is the mother of all evil 4. The idea of god God is the one, god is the absolute wisdom God is my moral vocation God is the voice of my conscience He believes in one god, god speaks to us from inside Find god through self reflection Plato Rich talented, student of socrates 1. Ontology What is the structure of reality? Being: essence deep form logical traditional moral spiritual eternal Becoming: surface, shallow, content, fashionable immoral material temporary What is the structure of being? Being consists of eidoses Eidos: spiritual form, intellectual bluepring , the law, the mold, the model Anything that exists physically has an eidos, it creates each specific physical ting Invention does not exist: discovery, before discovery eidos exists but its like a cold sun without rays The eidos of eidoses is goodness 2. Epistemelogy Levels:RealityKnowledge 1. Fake images illusions, kingdom of the stupid, wild imagination 2. Physcial things, kingdom of the everyday life, practical common sense 3. Low level idoses, kingdom of the professional, professional analytic mind 4. High eidoses, (love, justice, forgiveness) kingdom of the genius, the intellectual intuition of the genius 1 and 2 is becoming 3 and 4 is being 1 is artificial life, building a bubble around yourself 2. Practical things know how to take care of yourself 3. Professional knowledge become an expert in a subject need an analytical mind 4. Very few geniuses, best of the best, shakespeare, einstein, mozart. Have a gift from god or not, only males are geniuses, women are naturally born with common sens e and to become a genius you have to kill your common sense, every genius is a madman 3. Moral Philosophy To be moral means to have a arete: virture The fear of social change, social disorder, social chaos. Arete = not so much perfection but discipline, obedience, good organization, loyalty Plato supports closed social classes doesn’t like social mobility, caste system 4. Hates democracy. Problems are: phony promises of politicians, equal political rights for unequally educated people, excessive freedoms result is anarchy and tyranny he wants aristocratic republic Reminds me of hitler Aristotle Platos student 1. Ontology The kingdom of eidoses doesn’t exist, only nature does exist. Nature is a sum total of physical things Every physical thing consists of hyle: body, matter and telos: form Telos not so much outer form but an inner form the potential of the thing its prgram Dna ex: potential of talent God is the telos of nature when you die your telos dies god and nature coexist eternally 2. Eistemology Using observation and experimentation collect all relevant facts, using analysis, find out the laws of those facts, using logic, combine these laws into a comprehensive theory Scientific theory ^^ 3. Moral Philosophy Nicomachagu Ethics : Eudaimonia: noble destiny, fulfilling duty Sophro syhe: moderation Have good taste keep the mean, be a gentleman Fulfill your telos he believes all of us have gifts a duty to fulfill your gift, work hard we each have gifts to different degrees Don’t betray yourself (lie, cheat) Every betrayal starts as self betrayal you destroy yourself and then destroy everyone around you Honesty and integrity Obstacles: don’t underestimate them but don’t overestimate them Pleasure: not the goal of your activity but a by product Build your character its better to be always bad then unpridictable either be always bad or always bood Friendship: be a good loyal friend 4. Political Philosophy Democracy is the best regime Democracy is the power of middle class The middle class is the foundation of the healthy society How to cite Lao-tzu: Taoism and Moral Philosophy, Essay examples

Call Of The Wild Essay Example For Students

Call Of The Wild Essay The story first brings us to San Paolo,California.Buck the familys dog is living the high life.His owner treats him the best out of all the dogs.The butler is a bad guy.He takes Buck to a train going to Washington.From there on he rides on a ship to Alaska.On the voyage there he gets taught the law of the club. When he gets there he finds it quite odd to see white everywhere.He has never seen snow before.He gets bought by Francois and Hans.They must get mail to the area where the gold rush is.On teh way there he fights for survival.The way there is over 800 miles.He gets very bad blisters on his feet.That slows him down so he is literally getting dragged along in his harness that is strapped to him.The leader of the sled is always attacking the other dogs .When they let the dogs run around for a while he and the other dog get in a fight to the death.The other dogs surround them in a circle Buck breaks both of his legs and tears his throat open.Buck becomes the new leaderThere he learns to survive on his own.5 dogs die on the way there.He eventually arrives in the gold rush area.He gets sold to a group of germans back down to Anchorage.They are very unskilled they try to kill him but a man named Gerald saves him.They get attacked by a group of Indians.Gerald dies.Buck becomes the dominant ma le in a wolf-pack.The Indians start to notice a change in the wolves.They called Buck the Ghost WolfWords/ Pages : 275 / 24 Buck would take long peaceful walks with the Judges daughters; he would go hunting with the Judges sons; he would carry the Judges grandsons on his backs and roll them in the grass. Buck who had been treated fairly and justly throughout his life, had a carefreee personality and was very trusting of both humans and animals. Essentially, Buck was like an emperor that reigned over the Judges estate, leading a very gracious life. As the story progresses, Bucks personality shows a flaw after he trusts Manuel, a worker on Judge Millers estate who has a weakness for gambling and owes many debts. Manuel kidnaps Buck and sells him to pay off a debt. Bucks trustworthy nature changes as soon as he is beaten and is not fed or allowed to drink water. When Buck arrives in Seattle he is almost beaten to death by the man in the red sweater. He saw, once for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. (Call of the Wild, page 19). Buck learns from this horrible incident the law of the club. The law of the club states that a dog is no match for a man with a weapon. Buck witnesses as his newly-made friend named Curly is torn to pieces by thirty or forty huskies after she falls to the ground from fighting. Buck is taught the law of the fang from Curlys death scene. The law of the fang recognizes the fact that once a dog falls to the ground he is dead. In the north, Buck learns many traits that will help him journey through the north in order to survive. Buck learns that he has to eat his food quickly in order to not have it stolen; he learns to steal food to survive, because the daily ration cannot fill his stomach; he learns to break the ice out from his toes; and finally Buck learns that in order to stay warm during the harsh, freezing nights, he has to make a nest to sleep in. Because Buck learns these new secrets of the sled dogs, he is able to survive in the north and to maintain his position as lead sled dog. As the novel comes to a conclusion, Buck has been a sled dog for many different owners, all of a certain caliber, and he is becoming more in touch with his ancestral way of life and his primordial self. To begin with, Buck begins having dreams about a hairy man who is described to look like a cave man. Far more potent were the memories of his heredity that gave things he had never seen before a seeming familiarity; the instincts which had lapsed in later days, and still later, in him, quickened and became alive again. (Call of the Wild, page 45). .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 , .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 .postImageUrl , .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 , .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870:hover , .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870:visited , .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870:active { border:0!important; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870:active , .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870 .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e25c411d6c46c8c2872aaf921db8870:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Birling Family Essay PaperAnother primordial aspect which he is now in touch with, is the call. The call is something that drives Buck away from his masters, from civilization. When Buck is with a master named John Thornton, he frequently spends time out in the wild seeing a wolf that is shy and hunting large game to feed his unending hunger. Buck later comes back to his masters camp and finds his favorite master dead. He is in a rage of fury and kills the Indians that killed his master. That is perhaps, when he leaves civilization and becomes a truly wild animal. In addition to killing the Indians, he meets a wolf pack and kills several of the wolves to prove that he is worthy enough to be in the pack. To sum it up, Bucks last thread of humanity and civilization is cut and he is now truly a wild beast. In conclusion, clearly it is visible to see that because of the events in Bucks life, he transforms from a domesticated, family pet to a primordial, wild beast. Buck begins his life as a pampered king who rules over all, and trusts every human that he knows, because he has been treated fairly throughout his life. As his life progress he is learning how to be a sled dog, and has to quarrel with other dogs to maintain his position as lead sled dog. Near the end of Bucks life he has become a primitive beast, and is the leader of a wolf pack. This book has shown me a great deal about life, and how something, or someone can change greatly over time. This book has made me contemplate more about the question about whether a dog could actually have these feelings toward humans and life. Jack Londons book is truly a masterpiece, and I will remember this book throughout my life.

A Close Reading of Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe Essay Example

A Close Reading of Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe Essay Within this passage, Crusoe rationalizes his blessings from God in a way that shows the depth of his own hypocrisy and selfishness. This is significant because it represents the climax of Crusoes behavior and beliefs before truly turning to God. He shows his selfishness and hypocrisy in many ways, for example, he refers to himself in many titles representing a hierarchal order of his island. He chastises those who are discontented, and he shows his true colors by only seeing his good fortune by others misfortune. These gestures of faith are only seen as whole hearted if taken out of context, but within the realm of the whole novel this passages represents hypocrisy and selfishness, and also signifies the progression of man in the midst of hardship. I was the Lord of the whole Manor; or if I pleasd, I might call my self King or Emperor over the whole Country which I had Possession of (Defoe 94). This quote represents the mentality that Crusoe had on his island. Using these titles, Crusoe sets up the hierarchal order. Here he is stranded on an island and has established an order of which he is in charge. It seems that he has forgotten about the first ruler of the island which is God. He asserts himself in the very beginning and sets up this belief of control. Within the context of the whole novel, this sense of being a ruler of himself is quite ironic, considering the inability to control the situations he seems to fall into. We will write a custom essay sample on A Close Reading of Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Close Reading of Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Close Reading of Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Defoe creates a Pascals Wager(er) out of Crusoe in this passage. He is wishy-washy in his beliefs. Crusoe believes himself king and Lord of the island and within a few lines he is chastising those who can not admird the Hand of Gods Providence (Defoe,95). It seems that at a last minute, ditch effort in case God is listening, to be on the safe side, Crusoe feels he had better mention the good will of God, in case God might strike him down or another disaster will befall him. The reason it seems so insincere is due to the positioning of the glorification. It is between Crusoes belief of himself as ruler and the reflection on why Crusoe is better off than most. Another reason this criticism is so ironic is, Crusoe was complaining of the uselessness of his excess and That I would have given a Handful of it for a Gross of Tobacco-Pipes or for a Hand-Mill to grind my Corn; (Defoe, 94). Here he is doing exactly what he preaches against. He can not be happy with what God has provided. This i s one reason why his praise to God seems so half-hearted. This is significant because Defoe is showing the fragile belief in God; Crusoe is only basing his thankfulness on the material items he received off the boat and on the island and how these material goods are the bright side, and show Gods love. Defoe emphasizes the hypocrisies and selfishness to show the transformation Crusoe will go through in his faith: I had livd a dreadful Life, perfectly destitute of the Knowledge and Fear of GodI never had once the Word Thank God, so much as on my Mind, or in my Mouth; not in the greatest Distress, had I so much as a Thought to pray to him, or so much as to say Lord have Mercy upon me; no nor to mention the Name of God, unless it was to swear by, and blaspheme it. (96) This excerpt seems to hit the nail on the head. Crusoe finally realizes his belief in God was false. In conclusion, Crusoes rationalization of material gain and Gods love demonstrates the depth of his own hypocrisy and selfishness. This overall belief is the climax of Crusoes behavior and beliefs before truly turning to God. Defoe had to highlight this pathetic belief system to emphasize Crusoes epiphany, which signifies the progression of man in the midst of hardship.

Free Essays on Myocardial Infarction

The heart is arguably the most vital organ in the human body. What happens when the heart muscle begins to die? A myocardial infarction (or heart attack) is the death of a part of the heart muscle due to its sudden loss of blood supply. What causes this sudden loss of blood supply? What is reperfusion? What is a PTCA? What causes the heart muscle to lose its blood supply? Usually, the loss of the heart’s blood supply is caused by the total blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot on a cholesterol plaque in the artery. Cholesterol is a fatty chemical which is a part of the outer lining of cells in the body. Cholesterol plaque is the formation of a hard substance within the walls of the artery caused by deposits of cholesterol over time. This process begins while a person is in their teenage years. If a person begins eating unhealthy foods at a young age, he or she will be prone to a heart attack at a later age. What is reperfusion? Reperfusion is the main goal in treating heart attack victims. The chance of survival increase the sooner reperfusion is established. This process restores blood flow to the heart muscle. Once blood flow is restored, the patient becomes pain free. If done soon enough, the amount of damage to the organ is minimized and the pumping of the muscle is preserved. Optimal benefit is reached if reperfusion can be attained between 4 and 6 hours after the attack. The most common method of reaching reperfusion is by performing a PTCA. The most direct method of opening a blocked artery is to perform an immediate coronary angiogram and PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). A tiny plastic catheter with a small balloon at the end is advanced into the artery. It is moved up to the blockage point and is inflated thus pushing the clot and plaque out of the way. This process can be up to 95% effective within the first 60 minutes. This process also allows testing of the status of... Free Essays on Myocardial Infarction Free Essays on Myocardial Infarction The heart is arguably the most vital organ in the human body. What happens when the heart muscle begins to die? A myocardial infarction (or heart attack) is the death of a part of the heart muscle due to its sudden loss of blood supply. What causes this sudden loss of blood supply? What is reperfusion? What is a PTCA? What causes the heart muscle to lose its blood supply? Usually, the loss of the heart’s blood supply is caused by the total blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot on a cholesterol plaque in the artery. Cholesterol is a fatty chemical which is a part of the outer lining of cells in the body. Cholesterol plaque is the formation of a hard substance within the walls of the artery caused by deposits of cholesterol over time. This process begins while a person is in their teenage years. If a person begins eating unhealthy foods at a young age, he or she will be prone to a heart attack at a later age. What is reperfusion? Reperfusion is the main goal in treating heart attack victims. The chance of survival increase the sooner reperfusion is established. This process restores blood flow to the heart muscle. Once blood flow is restored, the patient becomes pain free. If done soon enough, the amount of damage to the organ is minimized and the pumping of the muscle is preserved. Optimal benefit is reached if reperfusion can be attained between 4 and 6 hours after the attack. The most common method of reaching reperfusion is by performing a PTCA. The most direct method of opening a blocked artery is to perform an immediate coronary angiogram and PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). A tiny plastic catheter with a small balloon at the end is advanced into the artery. It is moved up to the blockage point and is inflated thus pushing the clot and plaque out of the way. This process can be up to 95% effective within the first 60 minutes. This process also allows testing of the status of...

Asian Theatre and Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Asian Theatre and Drama - Essay Example Decked up with a number of psychological and social issues, the play brought a remarkable fame to Tagore not only within the nation but across the globe as well. The combination of pathos and the humor operating hand-in-hand within the plot of the play enables a huge scope for a prolific presentation of the play on stage. Owing to this scope, a lot of modernization and improvisations have been incorporated within the plot of the original text while performance by various dramatists. PETA’s Ang Post Office which was performed in the 4th Day of the month of September in 2010, Directed by Grady Labad and Dramaturgy framed by Rustom Bharucha and the adaptation was done by Rody Vera. The entire play gives a different dimension to the language of humanity but the presentation of the ending scene, where the protagonist Amal is lying on the bed dying builds a spectacle unforgettable. The light, sound and action of the characters the moving of the bed, and the association of all the ch aracters on stage transformed the macabre of death into a panorama worth viewing that has the strength to percolate through the mundane inhibitions and comprehension of human mind and transport the audience into some space belonging to cosmic realm . Thesis Statement This essay intends to focus on the ending scene of the performance of Tagore’s ‘Post Office’ by PETA and the intensity of its presentation through which the group is able to take the viewers on a cosmic ride almost. Before analyzing the ending scene of the PETA’s ‘Post Office’ performance, it is very eventual to introspect into the original text from which the play has actually evolved; its themes, motif and most importantly a thorough judgment of its backdrop and context should also taken into consideration. Tagore’s ‘Post Office’ is a play from the pantheon of symbolic theatre. One can trace another plot running through the main plot of the play which is allegorical nature. The allegory inherent in the play, ‘Post Office’ by Tagore les at the pivotal motif of the play or the most potent theme considered. Illusion and reality at the end of the world and the eternal battle of life and death is the crux of the play. Tagore’s own fascination for the mysticism associated with death and life after death actually glossed the play, ‘Post Office’. Tagore’s idealism for the spiritual death finds profound expression through t he presentation of Post Office. The dynamics of skepticism regarding the physical and spiritual death all through his life gets a proper expression in the play, ‘Post Office’. Amal dies a physical death, but his physical death is not his actual death. Amal seems to die, but his physical extinction does not lead an end to life’s unceasing voyages2. The village doctor was about to maltreat and put him to death, but Amal feels that when a patient is visited by the royal physician, then no one can fall into the clutches of death so easily. Through the fabric of metaphors Amal awaits the King’s letter to come to him directly pondering upon the window through which he can see the Post Office. The door or the route to the endless road opens at the closing scene of the play. The royal physician himself brings the message for Amal, but the message of emancipation from the hands of the royal physicia

Market Model Patterns of Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market Model Patterns of Change - Essay Example This paper aptly examines the patterns of change in the Wal-Mart market model. Wal-Mart is a perfect example of a business operating in an oligopolistic market structure. This is because they have low prices in the market enabling them compete healthily with other businesses dealing in similar products/services. Secondly, Wal-Mart operates with fewer sellers in the market giving them mutual interdependence over the other firms in the business. The long term effect of Wal-Mart operating an oligopoly will result to rise of economies of scale.This is because they will take advantage of having been in the markets to put barriers to other business wishing to join the business. Secondly, Operating under oligopoly market structure, Wal-Mart may collude to form a monopoly form of market structure, therefore, dictating their terms in the market. As a short term effect, Wal-Mart will be forced to renew their strategies of working because they will be facing different competitors in the market (Roberts & Berg, 2012). Secondly, Wal-Mart will enjoy controlling its market share for short period of time, but because the market is free for other to join, they will soon lose their popularity in the market as new firm producing same products will be cropping up to share the market it enjoyed. An example is that today, Wal-Mart may holds a substantial share in the market by its products but the case will be different in a year or two because there will be other new companies providing same products and at even better quality. There are various factors affecting the degree of competiveness of Wal-Mart. They involve both internal, external and delegations and functions of the management. The productive measures affecting Wal-Mart competitiveness is their capability in retailing. The business has various stores situated in various strategic places. These stores seek their profits by retailing their products through high volumes and using low mark-ups to give them a competitive advan tage over other business dealing in the same line of products. Secondly, Wal-Mart achieves their competitiveness owing to their standardized pallets, tight delivery schedules and computerized tracking. This has given them an edge over many businesses dealing in the same line since they are not in a position to raise enough capital to ensure efficiency in the systems. They are also able to use their technology as a source of marketing, therefore, minimize on their revenue spending. Thirdly, Wal-Mart prices play a significant role in influencing their activities and encouraging their competitiveness to other businesses. This is because it is an economy of scale, therefore, they purchase raw materials at a much cheaper price compared to other businesses that are not yet economies of scale. They also distribute their stock to a large numbers of stalls located strategically hence minimizing cost related to transport and other related activities. Being an economy of scale, Wal-Mart is off ering prices for its products that cannot rejected by the customers and in the process enjoys a large customer base for their products/services (Dunne, 2011). An accurate price determination of Wal-Mart’s competitors will significantly influence pricing decisions in Wal-Mart. The two chief competitors of Wal-Mart include